Analysis of the current development status and scale of cold heading machine technology at home and abroad

1, ChinaCold heading machineCurrent status of industry technology development

Cold heading technology is a cold plastic constrained deformation process technology in metal processing. It is an advanced production process technology with high precision, high efficiency, high quality, low consumption, and no cutting.Cold heading machineIt is a working master machine for the production of various standard parts, fasteners and special-shaped parts using cold heading technology. With the development of modern industry and the increasingly fierce competition in the manufacturing industry, cold heading technology has been widely used in industrial departments such as machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, light industry, aerospace, ships, and military industry, and has become one of the indispensable and important processing methods in metal plastic volume forming technology.

(I) Current status of technological development of foreign cold heading machine industry

As an advanced forming equipment with automated, precise and high technical content, multi-station automatic cold heading machine has been widely used in various industries. At present, cold heading machines produced by enterprises in Russia, Germany, Switzerland, the United States, Japan and other countries are at the level. Especially Germany used cold heading technology to make shells during World War II. Russia is also one of the earliest countries to study and apply cold heading technology. In 1935, it developed the first combined cold heading machine to form and wire rub the whole machine. 2. Before the 1940s, West Germany produced multi-station automatic cold heading machine.

The development of multi-station fully automatic cold heading machine has achieved information control and cold heading operation oil mist post-treatment integrated machine.

National Machinery Company is now recognized as a pioneer in the design, development and manufacturing of cold forming equipment in the world. The recently developed FXP85XL model of cold heading machine has a forming force of 550 tons, a cutting diameter of 34mm and a discharge length of 360mm.

Japan's high-speed cold heading machine, with the rapid development of the domestic automobile industry, Japan's cold heading machine also developed rapidly after the 1960s. The world's largest long-rod cold heading machine model launched by Sakamura Machinery Company is M1-120, with a diameter of 38mm in cut-off blanks, a maximum processing length of 430mm, and a machine weight of 100 tons.

The maximum diameter of the formed parts of the HATEBUR metal cold heading forming machine BKA series is Φ28-Φ64mm, the cutting diameter Φ14-Φ36mm, and the maximum productivity is 150 pieces\/min.

(2) Current technical development status of foreign cold heading machine industry

In the late 1960s, the research and development of multi-station automatic cold heading machines began in China. In 1968, Shanghai Nut Factory 5 designed and manufactured the first vertical M4 nut multi-station automatic cold heading machine in China. In 1969, Shanghai Standard Parts Company organized the design and manufacture of the first Z47-12 bolt multi-station automatic cold heading machine in China, with production efficiency increased by more than 6 times and material utilization rate reached about 90%. Since 1980, the multi-station automatic cold heading machine has developed in the direction of energy-saving, efficient and high-speed, and has successfully developed multi-station automatic cold heading machines such as Z306, Z308, and Z312, and realized serialization. At the same time, a new process of cutting 6 corner heads and cold heads and 6 corner heads of cold heads was adopted, and high-strength bolts and other products were developed. In 1982, the Shanghai Standard Parts Company Research Institute and Shanghai Standard Parts Factory 3 jointly designed and manufactured by Shanghai Standard Parts Machinery Factory 5Z41-24 Type 5-station large and small deformation multi-station automatic cold heading machine, which reduced the material cracking rate from more than 15% to less than 5%. In 1988, Shanghai Standard Parts Company organized the design and manufactured the ZM5-500 new type large and small deformation multi-station automatic cold heading machine, which expanded the product specifications of high-strength nuts and promoted the development of special-shaped nuts.

Many domestic manufacturers are making this equipment, but more than 90% of Taiwan Shuri Machinery is mainly "copying" and have no independent intellectual property rights. Currently, the leading representative is Qiqihar No. 2 Machine Tool Factory, which is in the leading position in the industry, especially in 2004, through cooperation and exchanges with Japan's Sakamura Machinery, and successively developed BP-440SS and BP-430SS cold heading machines, whose comprehensive performance has reached the international medium level. However, the green manufacturing concept and methods have not been integrated into the design and process. Overall, although some advanced technologies have been adopted in China in recent years, compared with foreign countries, there are considerable gaps in automation, manufacturing capacity, manufacturing accuracy, productivity and cost control.